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KPV is a short tripeptide (Lys–Pro–Val) derived from the C-terminal region of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). In preclinical research, KPV is studied primarily for its role in inflammatory signaling modulation, immune regulation, and epithelial barrier biology.
Unlike full-length melanocortin peptides, KPV retains anti-inflammatory signaling properties while exhibiting minimal melanocortin receptor activation, making it a valuable non-pigmentary α-MSH fragment for mechanistic studies.
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KPV is a short tripeptide (Lys–Pro–Val) derived from the C-terminal region of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). In preclinical research, KPV is studied primarily for its role in inflammatory signaling modulation, immune regulation, and epithelial barrier biology.
Unlike full-length melanocortin peptides, KPV retains anti-inflammatory signaling properties while exhibiting minimal melanocortin receptor activation, making it a valuable non-pigmentary α-MSH fragment for mechanistic studies.
Source: PubChem
Sequence: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside
Molecular Formula: C17H32N6O4
Molecular Weight: 384.48 g/mol
PubChem CID: 125672
CAS Number: 3031-94-5
Synonyms: MSH (11-13), ACTH (11-13), alpha-MSH (11-13)
Primary preclinical application
Used to study:
NF-κB and MAPK signaling regulation
Cytokine expression profiling
Inflammation resolution mechanisms
KPV is commonly applied in:
Gut epithelial culture systems
Barrier-function and permeability assays
Intestinal inflammation research paradigms
Its small size and non-pigmentary profile make it particularly suited for GI-focused studies.
In immune research, KPV is used to explore:
Macrophage activation states
Innate immune signaling balance
Peptide-mediated immune modulation mechanisms
KPV serves as a model fragment peptide for:
Studying bioactivity retention in short peptide sequences
Comparing full-length α-MSH vs minimal active motifs
Structure–activity relationship (SAR) research
KPV is widely studied for its ability to:
Suppress NF-κB activation
Reduce transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β)
Modulate inflammatory signaling independently of classical MC1R pigmentation pathways
This distinguishes KPV from larger melanocortin peptides.
In preclinical models, KPV has been shown to influence:
Macrophage and monocyte inflammatory responses
Innate immune signaling cascades
Cytokine expression balance under inflammatory stress
KPV is therefore used as a tool peptide in immune-cell signaling assays.
KPV is frequently applied in:
Intestinal epithelial cell models
Gut barrier integrity assays
Mucosal inflammation studies
Research focuses on how KPV modulates epithelial stress responses and inflammatory tone, rather than pigmentation or neuroendocrine effects.
Minimal peptide (3 amino acids) with strong signaling relevance
Anti-inflammatory pathway focus
Independent of pigmentation signaling
High stability and clean mechanistic profile
Widely used in GI and immune research models
